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Here is an extensive list of all the genres and subgenres available to use in-game and in the metadata for your customs, with some explanations to help you pick the most fitting one for your song. Picking a genre affects in-game sorting and animations, while subgenres are only for sorting use outside of the game.
Animations: Rock
Alternative
College
Other
Animations: Rock
Acoustic
Chicago
Classic
Contemporary
Country
Delta
Electric
Other
Animations: Goth
Pre-modern music, often performed on piano or with an orchestra. Can also be used for stuff like solo piano instrumentals and film scores.
Classical
Animations: Rock
Rock music created between the 50's and early 80's
Classic Rock
Animations: Rock
A modern evolution of Americana folk
Alternative
Bluegrass
Contemporary
Honky Tonk
Outlaw
Traditional Folk
Other
Animations: Goth
A form of Punk focused more on emotions than rage
Emo
Animations: Rock
Short for Jazz Fusion; a combination of Jazz with other genres, such as Rock and Funk, often with very complicated instrumentation
Fusion
Animations: Goth
Glam
Goth
Other
Animations: Metal
A mixture of Alternative Rock, Punk and Metal, originating from Seattle. Often with a dirty or heavy sound and with lyrics about societal issues such as drug addiction
Grunge
Animations: Rock
Alternative
Gangsta
Hardcore
Hip Hop
Old Skool
Rap
Trip Hop
Underground
Other
Animations: Rock
Indie Rock
Lo-Fi
Math Rock
Noise
Post Rock
Shoegaze
Other
Animations: Goth
Songs made for worship, mediation or with a spiritual message. While traditionally mostly used to describe Christian music, it can also be used for things such as New Age music.
Inspirational
Animations: Goth
Acid Jazz
Contemporary
Experimental
Ragtime
Smooth
Other
Animations: Punk
Japanese Rock music, often with a distinct sound that differs it from western Rock
J-Rock
Animations: Punk
Music with roots in the traditions of Latin America and Spain, such as Salsa, Flamenco, Mambo and Reggaeton
Latin
Animations: Metal
Hard Rock taken to the next step of heaviness, brutality and loudness. Began in the 70's and started being considered its own separate entity from normal Rock music by the time the 80's started.
Metal: Even harder Rock than Hard Rock
Alternative: Metal with elements of Alternative Rock, usually in the form of Post-Grunge or Noise Rock
Black: Raw, aggressive and evil Extreme Metal, often with satanic lyrics and lo-fi production
Core: A mix of Melodic Death Metal and Post-Hardcore. 90's examples are often even heavier, for example by fusing in elements of Grindcore.
Death: Extreme Metal with brutal riffs and growled vocals, often with horror movie lyrics
Hair: A mix of Heavy Metal and Glam Rock, huge in the 80's
Industrial: A mix of Metal and Industrial, such as tons distortion, marching rhythms, use of samples, etc.
Power: Gloriously cheesy Heavy Metal with bombastic vocals, often uses synths and writes about fantasy books or old history
Prog: A mix of Metal in various forms with Prog Rock
Speed: Heavy Metal performed with constant Punk energy or with really fast guitar solos
Thrash: Mix of Speed Metal and Hardcore Punk
Other
Animations: Goth
Umbrella term for the Post Punk and Synth music of the late 70's and early 80's
New Wave: A evolution of Punk Rock that added in more experimental pop elements, such as prominent synths and disco beats
Dark Wave
Electroclash: A modern form of Synthpop combining the classic New Wave sound with contemporary Electropop
Synthpop: New Wave-influenced 80's Pop with an emphasis on synths
Other
Animations: Punk
Songs made to be amusing or funny as its primary goal. This also includes song parodies, memes, funny mashups and such.
Novelty
Animations: Metal
A type of Groove Metal with elements of Funk and Hip-Hop, often downtuned and riff focused.
Nu-Metal
Animations: Rock
Popular music of the kind usually played on top 20 radio stations and the like. This genre is not available in Magma despite being programmed into the game, so you need to edit the DTA in your CON file to say “pop” in lower case to make it work.
Pop
Animations: Goth
Music where the instrumentation is primarily created via computers and synths.
Ambient
Breakbeat
Chiptune: Music that is primarily made with videogame sound chips, or emulations of them
Dance
Downtempo
Dub
Drum And Bass
Electronica
Garage
Hardcore Dance
House
Industrial
Techno
Trance
Other: Odd unclasifiable music that is primarly created via electronics
Animations: Rock
Rock music with Pop production and radio appeal, often being softer in sound and using more traditional pop music hooks in choruses.
Contemporary
Pop: Pop music performed by a “Rock band”
Soft Rock: Rock music that is soft enough for your parents to enjoy it
Teen: Pop Rock performed by/aimed at tweens and teenagers, sometimes associated with TV shows from Disney Channel, Nickelodeon, etc.
Other:
Animations: Rock
Complex Rock music that often uses odd time signatures, sprawling movements, elements of Jazz and Classical, and lyrics ranging from fantasy to philosophy.
Prog Rock
Animations: Punk
Raw and aggressive Rock that doesn't conform to your rules, man!
Alternative: Punk with elements of Alternative Rock
Classic: Early Punk music, usually from the 70's
Dance Punk
Garage: Raw Garage Rock-influenced Punk, often very straight forward
Hardcore: A harder form of Punk, often with fast drumming, vocals that borders on screaming and heavier riffs
Pop: Punk Rock instrumentation with Pop sensibilities, such as catchy choruses and a more polished sound than what is normal in Punk
Other
Animations: Rock
An umbrella label for traditionally black popular music from the 60's and out.
Disco: A form of dance music huge in the 70's, combining Funk instrumentation with steady beats, smooth Soul-like string arrangements and various experimentation with synths and vocoders.
Funk: A form of Rock N' Roll with a bigger emphasis on bass grooves, rhythmic clean electric guitars and prominent complex drum beats.
Motown: Artists associated with the Motown label, such as many prominent black Pop and Soul artists throughout the 60's, 70's and 80's.
Rhythm and Blues: Originally used to describe black Rock musicians in the 50's, today we use the term to refer to R&B singers; predominantly black artists combining elements of Pop, Soul, Rock, Blues and Jazz in various ways.
Soul: A mix of Gospel with Jazz or Rock, often with a big focus on soulful vocal performances and beautiful instrumentation.
Other: Other music associated with any of these subgenres that doesn't quite fit into a neat little box.
Animations: Rock
Reggae
Ska
Other
Animations: Rock
Arena
Blues
Folk Rock
Garage
Hard Rock
Psychedelic
Rock
Rockabilly
Rock and Roll
Surf
Other
Animations: Rock
Rock music with roots in the southern states of the US, often sung with a twang and with some Country elements
Southern Rock
Animations: Rock
This genre should have been called Folk, but Harmonix messed it up and we can't change it lol
World
Animations: Rock
A capella: Songs that are primarily performed by several vocalists without a backing band, often using voices to emulate instrumentation
Acoustic: Music performed with acoustic instruments that doesn't neatly fit under any other genres
Contemporary Folk: Modern folk songs, often performed with acoustic guitars or other stringed instruments that are easy to carry around
Experimental: Songs that defy genre, or even the concept of music itself
Oldies: Popular music that predates Rock and Pop music as we know it today
Other: Music that is beyond uncategorizable